SMILESynergy: Anticancer drug synergy prediction based on Transformer pre-trained model / 生物医学工程学杂志

The synergistic effect of drug combinations can solve the problem of acquired resistance to single drug therapy and has great potential for the treatment of complex diseases such as cancer. In this study, to explore the impact of interactions between different drug molecules on the effect of anticancer drugs, we proposed a Transformer-based deep learning prediction model-SMILESynergy. First, the drug text data-simplified molecular input line entry system (SMILES) were used to represent the drug molecules, and drug molecule isomers were generated through SMILES Enumeration for data augmentation. Then, the attention mechanism in the Transformer was used to encode and decode the drug molecules after data augmentation, and finally, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) was connected to obtain the synergy value of the drugs. Experimental results showed that our model had a mean squared error of 51.34 in regression analysis, an accuracy of 0.97 in classification analysis, and better predictive performance than the DeepSynergy and MulinputSynergy models. SMILESynergy offers improved predictive performance to assist researchers in rapidly screening optimal drug combinations to improve cancer treatment outcomes.

A multi-behavior recognition method for macaques based on improved SlowFast network / 生物医学工程学杂志

Macaque is a common animal model in drug safety assessment. Its behavior reflects its health condition before and after drug administration, which can effectively reveal the side effects of drugs. At present, researchers usually rely on artificial methods to observe the behavior of macaque, which cannot achieve uninterrupted 24-hour monitoring. Therefore, it is urgent to develop a system to realize 24-hour observation and recognition of macaque behavior. In order to solve this problem, this paper constructs a video dataset containing nine kinds of macaque behaviors (MBVD-9), and proposes a network called Transformer-augmented SlowFast for macaque behavior recognition (TAS-MBR) based on this dataset. Specifically, the TAS-MBR network converts the red, green and blue (RGB) color mode frame input by its fast branches into residual frames on the basis of SlowFast network and introduces the Transformer module after the convolution operation to obtain sports information more effectively. The results show that the average classification accuracy of TAS-MBR network for macaque behavior is 94.53%, which is significantly improved compared with the original SlowFast network, proving the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method in macaque behavior recognition. This work provides a new idea for the continuous observation and recognition of the behavior of macaque, and lays the technical foundation for the calculation of monkey behaviors before and after medication in drug safety evaluation.

Colorectal polyp segmentation method based on fusion of transformer and cross-level phase awareness / 生物医学工程学杂志

In order to address the issues of spatial induction bias and lack of effective representation of global contextual information in colon polyp image segmentation, which lead to the loss of edge details and mis-segmentation of lesion areas, a colon polyp segmentation method that combines Transformer and cross-level phase-awareness is proposed. The method started from the perspective of global feature transformation, and used a hierarchical Transformer encoder to extract semantic information and spatial details of lesion areas layer by layer. Secondly, a phase-aware fusion module (PAFM) was designed to capture cross-level interaction information and effectively aggregate multi-scale contextual information. Thirdly, a position oriented functional module (POF) was designed to effectively integrate global and local feature information, fill in semantic gaps, and suppress background noise. Fourthly, a residual axis reverse attention module (RA-IA) was used to improve the network's ability to recognize edge pixels. The proposed method was experimentally tested on public datasets CVC-ClinicDB, Kvasir, CVC-ColonDB, and EITS, with Dice similarity coefficients of 94.04%, 92.04%, 80.78%, and 76.80%, respectively, and mean intersection over union of 89.31%, 86.81%, 73.55%, and 69.10%, respectively. The simulation experimental results show that the proposed method can effectively segment colon polyp images, providing a new window for the diagnosis of colon polyps.

Some Problems and Risk Analysis of Infusion Pump Instructions / 中国医疗器械杂志

OBJECTIVE@#10 instructions of infusion pumps were contrasted and analyzed in order to explore the problems of instructions, furthermore improve the product safety.@*METHODS@#Analyzed the scopes of application, requirements of infusion apparatus, maintenance methods and cycles, battery maintenance, and service life, etc.@*RESULTS@#There were 5 products in 10 which did not indicate contraindications. One product only provided the thickness range of the tube wall of the infusion apparatus instead of specific brands. The cleaning cycles of 9 products varied from 2 to 12 months. One product did not clarify the service life.@*CONCLUSIONS@#It is recommended that manufactures should improve the product instructions to ensure the safety of infusion pumps.

Portable Multi Channel EEG Signal Acquisition System / 中国医疗器械杂志

This study introduces a portable multi-channel EEG signal acquisition system. The system is mainly composed of EEG electrode connector, signal conditioning circuit, EEG acquisition part, main control MCU and power supply part. The low-power EEG acquisition front-end ADS1299 and STM32 are used to form the signal acquisition and data communication part. The collected EEG signal can be transmitted to the PC for real-time display. After relevant tests, the system has small volume, low power consumption, high signal-to-noise ratio, and meets the requirements of portable wearable medical devices.

An improved Vision Transformer model for the recognition of blood cells / 生物医学工程学杂志

Leukemia is a common, multiple and dangerous blood disease, whose early diagnosis and treatment are very important. At present, the diagnosis of leukemia heavily relies on morphological examination of blood cell images by pathologists, which is tedious and time-consuming. Meanwhile, the diagnostic results are highly subjective, which may lead to misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis. To address the gap above, we proposed an improved Vision Transformer model for blood cell recognition. First, a faster R-CNN network was used to locate and extract individual blood cell slices from original images. Then, we split the single-cell image into multiple image patches and put them into the encoder layer for feature extraction. Based on the self-attention mechanism of the Transformer, we proposed a sparse attention module which could focus on the discriminative parts of blood cell images and improve the fine-grained feature representation ability of the model. Finally, a contrastive loss function was adopted to further increase the inter-class difference and intra-class consistency of the extracted features. Experimental results showed that the proposed module outperformed the other approaches and significantly improved the accuracy to 91.96% on the Munich single-cell morphological dataset of leukocytes, which is expected to provide a reference for physicians' clinical diagnosis.

Integration of a Pilot PV Parking Lot and an Electric Vehicle in a University Campus Located in Curitiba: a Study Case

Abstract Considering the increasing adoption of Hybrid Plug-in and Electric Cars, there are concerns about recharging process of these vehicles considering the capacity of grid to provide sufficient energy to that purpose. In the past years, the growth of distributed energy generation from renewable and clean energy sources, especially photovoltaics, represents a possible and feasible solution to supply the energy used on recharging electric vehicles and reduction of greenhouse emission gases as CO2. This article is a study case that analyzes the energy production of a solar carport, located at Federal Technological University of Paraná (UTFPR) at Neoville Campus, comparing with energy consumption of a commercial electric car for a city use purpose. Based on solar energy generation, data from the web monitoring platform, real positioning characteristics of the solar carport installation, irradiation data collected from the National Institute of Meteorology basis and with a solarimetric station located at the same place as the solar carport is installed, the solar energy production is rated using three different metrics: yield, performance ratio and capacity factor. These metrics are calculated with RADIASOL2 software, a free and precise tool, developed by Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) to execute computational simulation of photovoltaic systems using mathematical models. The results showed a slightly low energy production performance than expected, but more than enough energy to recharge an electric vehicle for a day use, demonstrating that a solar carport system could be a good solution to meet the energy demand for this application.

Risk Control of UPS Power Supply for Medical Equipment / 中国医疗器械杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Putting forward that the risk of using UPS for medical matching is easy to be ignored by managers.@*METHODS@#The method of UPS inspection was designed and used in hospital.@*RESULTS@#The qualified rate of UPS for equipment matching was 66.7% and the problems were corrected. Based on the Internet of Things technology, the UPS monitoring technology was prospected.@*CONCLUSIONS@#It is effective to control the risk of UPS by recognizing the risk of using UPS and specifying the strategy.

Optimization of Key Techniques for Maintaining Bus Voltage Stability in Variable Speed Turbine of Ventilator / 中国医疗器械杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To explore the optimization scheme of maintaining bus voltage stability during turbo-turbine acceleration and deceleration of ventilator.@*METHODS@#The ideal diode is used to replace the diode in the busbar power supply circuit, and a comparative discharge circuit is added to the busbar. When the busbar voltage is higher than the preset threshold, the comparator can be opened and the energy could be discharged through the power resistor.@*RESULTS@#When the turbine starts and stops rapidly, the optimized scheme can effectively reduce the bus impedance, and the discharge circuit can maintain the bus voltage fluctuation less than 2 V.@*CONCLUSIONS@#The optimization scheme proposed in this study can effectively improve the efficiency and stability of the turbine in the process of acceleration and braking, and provide reference for the design of the stability maintenance circuit of the ventilator turbine bus.

Effects of low-power wireless power transfer system on memory behavior and part of physiological properties of mice / 生物医学工程学杂志

Wireless power transfer (WPT) is a new power transmission way, which can be widely used in electric vehicles and other fields. Its electromagnetic environment must be analyzed to ensure safe application. A low-power wireless power transfer system experimental platform was built, with 25 W receiving power and 47 kHz resonant frequency, which was used to carry out animal experiments. Treatment mice were exposed to environment of wireless power transfer system for 5 h a day and 6 days as one cycle. At the end of every cycle, learning memory behavior of mice were detected in T-shaped maze. The exposure experiment lasted for 12 weeks. Finally, immune parameters, sex hormones and part of organ physiological structure were detected. The results are as follows: as exposure time increased, memory behavior of mice did not change obviously with no statistical difference in sex hormone either ( > 0.05), the concentration of immune factors including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) significantly increased ( < 0.05), and the structure of some organs showed some changes. The experimental results show that the environment of the wireless power transfer system has no effect on the memory behavior of mice, and has some effect on physiological properties of mice.

Development of a Wearable Wireless ECG Monitoring System with Ultra-low Power Consumption / 中国医疗器械杂志

This study describes the development of a wireless and wearable ECG monitoring system with ultra-low power consumption. The system is mainly composed of a connection part of an ECG electrode sticker, an electrocardiogram collecting part, a data storage part, a Bluetooth main control unit, a charging module, a voltage regulator and a lithium battery. The low-power ECG acquisition chip ADS1292R and the ultra-low-power Bluetooth microcontroller nRF51822 together constitute the ECG signal acquisition and wireless data communication part. The collected ECG signals can be sent to the mobile APP through the Bluetooth function provided by the MCU, and can completly display and analysis to achieve low power system. After testing, the system power consumption is only (3.7 V×2.87 mA)10.619 mW, and if it is optimized, it can further reduce power consumption, therefore, the system design can have good applicability.

Design of Cardiac Pacemaker Based on Low Power MCU / 中国医疗器械杂志

In order to improve the accuracy of the pacemaker's parameter adjustment and to avoid the surgical replacement of the pacemaker when the battery is exhausted, this paper designs a novel single-chamber pacemaker circuit based on low-power single-chip microcomputer. The circuit uses digital control to accurately control the amplitude, pulse width and frequency of the pacing pulse. The circuit is also designed with wireless charging function, and wireless communication with the programmer can wirelessly charge the pacemaker and know the charging information in real time. Wireless charging function can reduce the number of times the patient replaces the pacemaker or even completely avoid it.

Progress in self-powered health monitoring and physiological function regulation devices / 生物工程学报

Nanogenerator (triboelectric nanogenerator and piezoelectric nanogenerator) has experienced a rapid development since it was proposed. This technique can covert various mechanical energies into electric energy, including human motion energy, wind energy, acoustic energy and ocean energy. The converted electricity can be used for health monitoring and physiological function regulation, such as pulse detection, bioelectrical stimulation and cardiac pacing. This review summarizes the structure, working mechanism, output performance of nanogenerator and its latest progress in circulatory system, nervous system, biological tissue, sleep and rescue system. Additionally, a further analysis was also made on the application challenge of nanogenerator in clinical treatment. In the future, nanogenerator is expected to be an auxiliary power source, or even to replace battery to power medical electronic device and realize the self-powered health monitoring and physiological function regulation of human body.

A compact-sized surface EMG sensor for myoelectric hand prosthesis

Myoelectric prosthesis requires a sensor that can reliably capture surface electromyography (sEMG) signal from amputees for its controlled operation. The main problems with the presently available EMG devices are their extremely high cost, large response time, noise susceptibility, less amplitude sensitivity, and larger size. This paper proposes a compact and affordable EMG sensor for the prosthetic application. The sensor consists of an electrode interface, signal conditioning unit, and power supply unit all encased in a single package. The performance of dry electrodes employed in the skin interface was compared with the conventional Ag/AgCl electrodes, and the results were found satisfactory. The envelope detection technique in the sensor based on the tuned RC parameters enables the generation of smooth, faster, and repeatable EMG envelope irrespective of signal strength and subject variability. The output performance of the developed sensor was compared with commercial EMG sensor regarding signal-to-noise ratio, sensitivity, and response time. To perform this, EMG data with both devices were recorded for 10 subjects (3 amputees and 7 healthy subjects). The results showed 1.4 times greater SNR values and 45% higher sensitivity of the developed sensor than the commercial EMG sensor. Also, the proposed sensor was 57% faster than the commercial sensor in producing the output response. The sEMG sensor was further tested on amputees to control the operation of a self-designed 3D printed prosthetic hand. With proportional control scheme, the myoelectric hand setup was able to provide quicker and delicate grasping of objects as per the strength of the EMG signal.

Wearable Device for Non-Invasive Continuously Blood Pressure Monitoring / 中国医疗器械杂志

In aging society the development of non-invasive continuously blood pressure monitors which are suitable for homes, communities and nursing homes has a wide range of applications. This paper proposes a non-invasive continuously blood pressure monitoring based on wearable device which uses MSP430F5529 as the central processor. The design is divided into signal acquisition module, central control module, display module, power supply module and host computer module. The experimental results showed that DBP (375/390, 96.15%) and SBP estimation values (377/390, 96.67%) are in 95% confidence interval, which means our design passes Bland-Altman test with high accuracy and stability.

Advances in Implantable Medical Device Battery / 中国医疗器械杂志

In recent years, active implantable medical devices become a hot spot of the medical device industry. There are still many problems in terms of reliability, capacity and life expectancy because of the subject to material and technical constraints. This review summarizes the development history and current status of the batteries used in active implantable medical devices, and describes the development and problems of zinc-mercury batteries and lithium batteries. The flexible batteries and bio-energy battery and other new battery technology are also expounded. The future of active implanted medical device battery is bound to miniaturization, flexibility, rechargeable direction.

Laboratory Environment Monitoring: Implementation Experience and Field Study in a Tertiary General Hospital / 대한의료정보학회지

OBJECTIVES: To successfully introduce an Internet of Things (IoT) system in the hospital environment, this study aimed to identify issues that should be considered while implementing an IoT based on a user demand survey and practical experiences in implementing IoT environment monitoring systems. METHODS: In a field test, two types of IoT monitoring systems (on-premises and cloud) were used in Department of Laboratory Medicine and tested for approximately 10 months from June 16, 2016 to April 30, 2017. Information was collected regarding the issues that arose during the implementation process. RESULTS: A total of five issues were identified: sensing and measuring, transmission method, power supply, sensor module shape, and accessibility. CONCLUSIONS: It is expected that, with sufficient consideration of the various issues derived from this study, IoT monitoring systems can be applied to other areas, such as device interconnection, remote patient monitoring, and equipment/environmental monitoring.

Anatomy and Physiology in Vocal Technique

The anatomy of the voice is not limited to the region of the larynx. Practically all body systems affect the voice. The larynx receives the greatest attention because it is the most sensitive and expressive component of the vocal mechanism, but anatomic interactions throughout the singer's body must be considered in making the singing voice. The physiology of voice production is exceedingly complex. The voice requires interactions among the power source, the oscillator, and the resonator. The review of functional anatomy and physiology in vocal technique would provide information on the terminology, components, and workings of the voice to permit an understanding of practical, every clinical problems and their solutions. The otolaryngologist, speech language pathologist, singing or acting teacher, singer, and actor would have benefit greatly from more extensive study of voice science.

Clinical analysis of 249 cases of children with foreign bodies in the nasal cavity and paranasal sinus / 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#Insertion of a foreign body in the nasal cavity is a very common incident in children. It is easily diagnosed, but the type of foreign body varies and the extraction can sometimes be difficult with risk of complications. The present study reported nasal foreign bodies diagnosed in emergency in our ENT department, with an update on the state of knowledge.@*METHOD@#A prospective study between Feb 2013 to Sept 2015 included patients admitted to the ENT emergency unit for nasal foreign body. Data comprised age, gender, circumstances of discovery, symptoms, type of foreign body, extraction method and complications. Many patients required anterior rhinoscope for the diagnosis and removal (179/249, 71. 9%), and 170 cases were directly removed and 9 cases were into alimentary canal; Most irregularly shaped objects were removed by a endoscope under general anesthesia (70/249, 28.1%), including button batteries (n= 65), nasal calculi (n = 2) and chopsticks (n = 3).@*RESULT@#The main types of foreign body were vegetal forms (61.8%). The incident was discovered following nasal symptoms in 24.9% (n = 62). Extraction was easy by using forceps, micro-hooks or suction in 71.9% of qn:Nasal sinuses foreign body on prevention, detailed history and make the necessary inspection, can improve the correct diagnostic rate.

Catheter ablation for treatment of tachyarrhythmia

Catheter ablation is one of the major treatment options for patients with arrhythmia. It has been widely used since radiofrequency energy was adopted as a power source. Technical progress has resulted in better outcomes, better efficiency, and safer procedures. However, mechanisms of some forms of arrhythmia such as atrial fibrillation have not been fully elucidated in order to obtain a more favorable success rate. Therefore, progress in the basic research field to understand the mechanisms and substrates of arrhythmia as well as technical progress is essential for overcoming current obstacles in this therapeutic method.